Heart disease occurs when plaque builds up within artery walls blocking the blood flow through tissues in the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack or stroke. About 630,000 people die each year from heart disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Antioxidant compounds found in red wine are advancing the treatment of heart disease — the leading cause of death for both men and women in the U.S.
While there is no singular cure for heart disease, there are numerous forms of treatment including lifestyle changes and surgical procedures.
In one procedure called a coronary angioplasty, a surgeon inserts and inflates a tiny balloon inside a blocked or narrow artery to widen it and allow blood to flow through to the heart thereby decreasing the risk of a heart attack or stroke. This procedure often includes inserting a permanent small mesh tube to support the blood vessel called a stent.
Commercial stents can release chemotherapy agents that are toxic and can cause the blood vessel to narrow again. LSU Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Professor Tammy Dugas is developing a new stent that releases red wine antioxidants slowly over time that promotes healing and prevents blood clotting and inflammation. The two antioxidant compounds are resveratrol and quercetin.
“By delivering red wine antioxidants during conventional angioplasty, it may be possible to prevent excess tissue from building up and the blood vessel from narrowing again as it heals,” Dr. Dugas said.
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In addition to the stent, Dugas and colleagues are developing a balloon coated with the same compounds to treat blood flow blockages throughout the body called peripheral artery disease. This disease which can limit the blood flow to kidneys, the stomach, arms or legs affects about 8 to 12 million Americans.
However, less than 20 percent are diagnosed by a physician. Drug-coated balloons are a relatively new product, and are being developed to help interventional cardiologists treat arteries that are difficult to target with traditional angioplasty and stent treatments.
About Tammy Dugas
Tammy Dugas is a professor in the Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences at the Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. She is a co-founder of ReQuisite Biomedical. She is originally from southwest Louisiana and received her Ph.D. in chemistry from LSU in 1996. She completed a two-year post-doctoral fellowship at Drexel University and then a second post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. Her first faculty position was at LSU Health Shreveport.
Dugas joined the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine in 2014. She is very active in the Society of Toxicology and served as president of the Cardiovascular Toxicology Speciality Section for 2016-2017. A fun fact about Dugas is that she comes from generations of Cajun musicians. She says she is the only person in her immediate family who is not a Cajun musician, but she played the mellophone as a student in the LSU Tiger Band.
Sources: Louisiana State University; EurekAlert!, the online, global news service operated by AAAS, the science society.
